What is defined as the backward force caused by disrupted airflow over the aircraft?

The backward force caused by disrupted airflow over the aircraft is known as drag. Drag occurs when an aircraft moves through the air, leading to a resistance that opposes its forward motion. This force is primarily generated by the shape of the aircraft and the speed at which it travels, as it disrupts the smooth flow of air around it.

Understanding drag is crucial for aircrew, as it directly impacts fuel efficiency, speed, and maneuverability. Managing drag, alongside other forces like lift and thrust, is a key component of flight dynamics, allowing pilots to optimize performance and ensure safe operation of the aircraft.