What characterizes a closed circuit?

A closed circuit is characterized by the flow of electrons in a complete, uninterrupted path. This means that the electrical components within the circuit are connected in such a way that allows electric current to flow freely from the power source, through the circuit components, and back to the power source without any breaks. For electrons to move and create a current, the circuit must be closed; this enables devices such as lights or motors to operate as intended.

In a closed circuit, the path is fully connected, allowing energy to be transmitted and utilized effectively. This is crucial for the functioning of electrical devices. In contrast, when a circuit is open or incomplete, as indicated in another option, electrons cannot flow, resulting in the circuit being non-functional. Similarly, high resistance in a circuit can limit current flow, but it doesn’t inherently define whether a circuit is open or closed. Lastly, the absence of current flow is indicative of an open circuit rather than a closed one. Thus, the core attribute of a closed circuit is its ability to enable electron flow through a complete path.