What axis of an aircraft extends from the nose to the tail?

The longitudinal axis of an aircraft extends from the nose to the tail and is crucial for understanding how the aircraft maneuvers. This axis runs through the center of the aircraft from front to back and is important for controlling yaw, which is the left and right rotation of the aircraft around this line. Movement along the longitudinal axis is typically achieved by using the ailerons, which control roll.

In contrast, the vertical axis runs vertically through the center of the aircraft and is used for controlling yaw left and right through the rudder, while the horizontal axis goes from wingtip to wingtip and relates to pitch, controlled by the elevators. The term "angular axis" is not a standard term used in aerodynamics, making it less relevant in this context. Understanding these axes is fundamental for comprehending how various control surfaces affect an aircraft's orientation and movement in flight.