What are the two types of hydraulic fluids mentioned?

The correct answer identifies the two primary categories of hydraulic fluids used in various applications, including aviation and industrial machinery: mineral-based and synthetic-based fluids.

Mineral-based hydraulic fluids are derived from refining crude oil and generally include additives to enhance properties such as viscosity and corrosion resistance. These fluids have been traditionally used due to their availability and effectiveness in a wide range of temperatures and pressures.

Synthetic-based hydraulic fluids, on the other hand, are chemically engineered to achieve specific performance characteristics that may not be attainable with mineral-based fluids. This includes better thermal stability, lower flammability, and improved operating range, especially in extreme environmental conditions. Synthetics can be tailored to provide superior lubrication under various conditions, making them suitable for high-performance applications.

Each type has its advantages, depending on the specific requirements of the system in which they are used, including the operational environment and performance needs. Understanding these differences is essential for selecting the appropriate hydraulic fluid for specific applications in aerospace and other fields.